Oral Gingival
The gingiva, or gums, play a crucial role in maintaining oral health by acting as a protective barrier for underlying tissues and supporting teeth. Gingival health is influenced by multiple factors, including microbial activity, host immune response, and mechanical stress from mastication or improper oral hygiene. The primary concern in gingival health is inflammation, often triggered by bacterial plaque biofilms, leading to conditions like gingivitis and periodontitis. These conditions are characterized by the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-1β, TNF-α) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which degrade connective tissue and bone if untreated. Maintaining optimal gingival health requires a balance between effective plaque control and modulation of the host’s inflammatory response. Advanced diagnostics, such as biomarker analysis and histological evaluations, are integral to understanding gingival health and the efficacy of oral care products, offering pathways for innovation in preventive and therapeutic solutions.
| Test Menu |
|---|
| Acne / Spot Reduction Efficacy Test |
| Acne And Hydration Efficacy |
| Acne Free And Spot Removal |
| Acne Free Efficacy |
| Acne Removing Efficacy |
| Acne Scars Test |
| Anti-Acne / Oiliness |
| Dead Skin Cell And Acne Free Efficacy |
| Dead Skin Cell Removal Efficacy |
| Dead Skin Cells And Brightining |
| Exfoliation Test |
Serum
Pimple Patch
Powder
Cream
Face Mask
Face Gel
Biomarker Testing List:
| Biomarker | Remarks on the Biomarker |
|---|---|
| Oxidative Stress Marker (Malondialdehyde [MDA]) | Oxidative stress worsens acne; lower levels show antioxidant activity, reducing inflammation. |
| Sebum Production | Excessive sebum contributes to acne; reduction in sebum levels helps reduce clogged pores. |
| Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP-9) | Degrades skin tissue in inflamed areas; lower MMP-9 levels prevent acne scarring. |
| Inflammatory Cytokine (Interleukin-8 [IL-8]) | Attracts immune cells to infection sites; reduced IL-8 levels indicate reduced inflammatory response. |
| Cutibacterium acnes | Acne-causing bacteria; decreased bacterial load shows antibacterial effectiveness of the product. |
| Pro-inflammatory Cytokine Interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1a) | Inflammatory cytokine elevated in acne; reduction indicates anti-inflammatory effects on the skin. |
| Skin pH | An altered pH encourages bacterial growth; balanced skin pH supports healthier, acne-free skin. |
| Transforming Growth Factor beta1 | Promotes scar formation; reduced TGF-β1 helps in healing acne without scarring. |
| Keratin 5 | Keratin 5 is a structural protein found in the basal cells of the epidermis, playing a crucial role in maintaining the integrity and strength of the skin, particularly in areas subject to mechanical stress. |
| Keratin 14 | crucial for maintaining skin cell integrity and providing mechanical strength to the skin, particularly in the epidermal cells of the skin and mucous membranes. |
| Propionibacterium acnes | This bacteria contributes to acne inflammation; a lower count indicates reduced bacterial activity. |
| Sebum Production | Sebum production refers to the secretion of oily substances by sebaceous glands, which helps lubricate and protect the skin but can contribute to acne when overproduced. |
| Leukocytic Pyrogen Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1b) | Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that acts as a leukocytic pyrogen, triggering fever and promoting inflammation during immune responses. |
| Sebum Production Levels | Excessive sebum contributes to acne; reduction indicates better oil balance and fewer breakouts. |
| Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) Count | This bacteria contributes to acne inflammation; a lower count indicates reduced bacterial activity. |
| Inflammatory Cytokine (Interleukin-1 [IL-1]) | Elevated levels indicate skin inflammation; reduction reflects improved skin health and reduced acne. |
| Inflammatory Cytokine (Interleukin-8 [IL-8]) | A pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays a pivotal role in immune response, fever induction, and the activation of other inflammatory mediators. |
| A pro-inflammatory cytokine that attracts and activates neutrophils, contributing to inflammation and immune defense. | |
| Keratinocyte Hyperproliferation Markers | Increased keratinocyte activity can lead to clogged pores; lower levels suggest reduced pore blockage. |
Reference Research Publications:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2007.05.005