Anti-Dandruff Claims

In-vitro efficacy testing for anti-dandruff formulations focuses on evaluating their antifungal activity and impact on scalp-associated biomarkers. Key methods include antifungal assays such as minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and zone of inhibition tests against Malassezia species, the primary contributor to dandruff. Additionally, biochemical tests assess the formulation’s ability to regulate sebum production and restore scalp barrier integrity. Advanced cell-based assays can evaluate the product’s role in reducing inflammation and oxidative stress, key factors in dandruff pathogenesis. These tests provide robust and reproducible data to substantiate anti-dandruff claims, ensuring scientific reliability and regulatory compliance.

Test Menu
Scalp Health
Sebum Regulation
Anti-Dandruff Treatment
mask

Hair Mask

shampoo (1)

Shampoos

serum

Hair Serums

cbd

Tea Tree Oil

gel

Hair Gel

Biomarker Testing List:

BiomarkerRemarks on the Biomarker
Leukotriene D4 (LTD4)LTD4 is a potent pro-inflammatory mediator.,
Pro-inflammatory Cytokine Interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1a)A pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays a key role in the activation of immune responses, promoting inflammation and tissue damage.
Inflammatory Cytokine Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNFa)A pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in systemic inflammation, immune system regulation, and the induction of apoptosis in cells.
Leukotriene D4 (LTD4)LTD4 is a potent pro-inflammatory mediator.,
Interferon Gamma (IFNg)IFN-γ is a cytokine involved in the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. It is primarily produced by T cells and natural killer (NK) cells in response to antigenic stimuli.

 Reference Research Publications

Anti – Dandruff

  • Biomarker for each cosmetic products to test

1)Shampoos

Biomarker : Leukotrienes( A4 (LTA4), B4 (LTB4), D4 (LTD4),E4       (LTE4),Chemokine(CXCL8 (Interleukin-8),(CXCL12),CCL5,(C-C motif) ,ligand 2 (CCL2),Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), Cytokines

2) Lotions

Biomarker : Interleukins (IL), Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha,(MMPs),Chemokines, Nitric Oxide ,C-Reactive Protein,  (VCAM-1), Nuclear Factor-kappa B

3) Ointments

Biomarker : Cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha),C-reactive protein (CRP),Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL),Filaggrin,  (CXCL8 (Interleukin-8),(CXCL12),CCL5,Nuclear Factor-Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (NRF2) Pathway genes  C-reactive protein (CRP)

4) Facial kits

Biomarker : MMP-1 (Collagenase-1),TIMPs (Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinases),MMP-8 (Collagenase-2/Neutrophil – collagenease),Cytokines (e.g., IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha),ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) Levels,Bacterial Taxa, 16S rRNA, PCR

5) Serums

Biomarker : Corneometry(skin hydration),TEWL (Transepidermal Water Loss),R6 (Biological Viscoelasticity),Ssk (Core Fluid Retention)

6) Soaps

Biomarker : Lipid Content Analysis  (triglycerides),  (TLC) , Acid Mantle,Buffering Capacity,Sebumeter,Cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha)

7) Skin Dipegmintation

Biomarker : Immunohistochemistry (IHC),Tyrosinase Expression,Skin Colorimetry,C-Reactive Protein (CRP),Interleukin-6 (IL-6),Serotonin Transporter Occupancy,Acetylcholinesterase Activity,Tyrosine Kinase Activity.

8) Collagen Boost

     Biomarker : Collagen Type I Levels, Fructosyl-lysine,  (MG-H1), (CML),  (PINP), (CTX-I), (CTX),Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs),Hydroxyproline Levels, 8),Chemokines (e.g., CXCL8, CCL2), Interleukins, TNF-alpha,  Interleukin-6 (IL-6)

9) UV Protection

Biomarker : 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) ,glutathione, Superoxide dismutase (SOD), (TNF-alpha), CD4/CD8 ratio or cytokine

  10) Oral gingival care

             Biomarker : Calcium (Ca) and Phosphate (P) Levels,C-Reactive Protein (CRP),Interleukins (e.g. IL-6, IL-

11) Eye Cosmetic

Biomarker :   Ig gamma-2,sPLA2-IIa, Total protein,serum albumin precursor,Interleukin-1β, IL-6, IL-7, IL-13, IL-17A, IL-18, TNF-α, RANTES/CCL5, IFN-γ,α-1 antitrypsin,keratin (type I) putative LCN-1 like protein,IL-8, IFN-γ, MIP-1α, MIP-1β

12) Intimate area

Biomarker : Cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha), (TEWL)

13) Nutraceuticals

Biomarker : Chemokines(CXCL8, CCL2) ,  C-reactive protein,   Beta-carotene,  Chlorophyll a and b,  Triglyceride Content, Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs)

14) Skin Depigmentation

Biomarker : MC1R (Melanocortin-1 Receptor),Tyrosin, L-DOPA, Hydroqunion, Cysteinyl DOPA, Pheomelanin, Depachrome , DHICA-Melanin,Eumelanius, Tyrosinase-related Protein 1 (TRP-1) and TRP-2,

15) Scar Removal

Biomarker : Collagen I , Collagen III, Elastin, Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), IL-1 Receptor Antagonist (IL-1Ra),  Metalloproteinases, Transforming Growth Factor-Beta (TGF-β),  (VEGF), Anti-IL-6 (Interleukin-6),  (DCT), (TRP-1)

16) Nail cosmetics

Biomarker : Cytokines  (IL-1, IL-6), (MMPs),C-terminal telopeptide ,Hydroxyproline, (N-terminal propeptide of type I collagen, P1NP)

17) Miscelolanous Cosmetic

Biomarker : Specific IgE Antibodies,IL-4 and IL-13,IFN-γ, (HRIPT), Keratin 14 (K14), Vitamin C (ascorbic acid).

SCIENTIFIC REFERENCE FOR BIOMARKERS

  • IL-1 Receptor Antagonist (IL-1Ra)

  • Dinarello, C. A. (1996). Biologic basis for interleukin-1 in disease. Blood, 87(6), 2095-2147.

  • Arend, W. P., Malyak, M., Guthridge, C. J., & Gabay, C. (1998). Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist: role in biology. Annual Review of Immunology, 16(1), 27-55.

  • Chandran, S., & Tripathi, P. (2016). The role of IL-1 receptor antagonist in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology, 34(2), 15-21.

  • Nuclear Factor-kappa B (NF-κB)

  • Karin, M., & Lin, A. (2002). NF-κB at the crossroads of life and death. Nature Immunology, 3(3), 221-227.

  • Gilmore, T. D. (2006). Introduction to NF-κB: players, pathways, perspectives. Oncogene, 25(51), 6680-6684.

  • Hayden, M. S., & Ghosh, S. (2008). Shared principles in NF-κB signaling. Cell, 132(3), 344-362.

  • Cytokines

  • Aggarwal, B. B., Gupta, S. C., & Kim, J. H. (2012). Historical perspectives on tumor necrosis factor and its superfamily: 25 years later, a golden journey. Blood, 119(3), 651-665.

  • Singh, V. K., Mehrotra, S., & Agarwal, S. S. (1998). The paradigm of Th1 and Th2 cytokines: its relevance to autoimmunity and allergy.

  • Godbole, G., & Sumantran, V. (2017). Cellular and molecular mechanisms in cancer immune escape: a comprehensive review. Expert Review of Clinical Immunology, 10(1), 41-62.

  • CD4/CD8 Ratio

  • Tripathy, S. P., Salvi, V. S., Paranjape, R. S., & Agnihotri, K. (2003). Immune activation and HIV disease progression: role of CD8+ T cell subsets.

  • Kumarasamy, N., Solomon, S., Flanigan, T. P., Hemalatha, R., Thyagarajan, S. P., Mayer, K. H., & Balakrishnan, P. (2003). Natural history of human immunodeficiency virus disease in southern India. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 36(1), 79-85.

  • Nair, M. P., Mahajan, S., Reynolds, J. L., Aalinkeel, R., & Schwartz, S. A. (2003). Immunoregulatory role of nitric oxide: implications in HIV-1 infection. Journal of Leukocyte Biology, 74(6), 889-896.

  • Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)

  • Aggarwal, B. B. (2003). Signalling pathways of the TNF superfamily: a double-edged sword. Nature Reviews Immunology, 3(9), 745-756.

  • Mohan, T., Sharma, C., & Bhatnagar, S. (2013). Modulation of HIV-1 pathogenesis by host restriction factors and implications for therapeutic approaches. Cellular Immunology, 285(1-2), 32-49.

  • Aggarwal, B. B. (2003). Signalling pathways of the TNF superfamily: a double-edged sword. Nature Reviews Immunology, 3(9), 745-756.

  • Calcium (Ca) and Phosphate (P) Levels

  1. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382527933_Safety_Assessment_of_Polyol_Phosphates_as_Used_in_Cosmetics

  1. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/357643626_Efficacy_of_Nano_Crystallised_Calcium_Phosphate_NCCP_and_Casein_Phosphopeptide_-_Amorphous_Calcium_Phosphate_CPP-ACP_for_Controlling_Postoperative_Sensitivity_After_Power_Bleaching-A_Comparative_In-Vitro

  1. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382407955_Advancements_in_Cosmetics_and_Aesthetics_A_Comprehensive_Review

  • Keratin 14 (K14)

  1. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/15666743_Expression_of_keratins_K12_K4_and_K14_during_development_of_ocular_surface_epithelium

  2. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/20676704_Expression_of_keratin_K14_in_the_epidermis_and_hair_follicle_Insights_into_complex_programs_of_differentiation

  3. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/377334156_Immunohistochemical_differentiation_of_keratins_and_involucrin_between_palmar_psoriasis_chronic_hand_eczema_and_hyperkeratotic_hand_eczema

  • IgE Antibodies

  1. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/378654639_microbiological_quality_assessment_of_skin_and_body_care_cosmetics_by_using_challenge_test

  2. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331452854_Scope_of_Nanotechnology_in_Cosmetics_Dermatology_and_Skin_Care_Products

  3. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/376654626_Toxicology_of_Cosmetics

  • IL-4 and IL-13

  1. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/362487597_Modulation_of_IL-4IL-13_cytokine_signaling_in_the_context_of_allergic_disease

  2. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/352278907_The_IL-4_IL-13_and_IL-31_pathways_in_atopic_dermatitis

  3. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/375386635_The_mechanism_of_IL-13_targeting_IL-13Ra2_in_regulating_oral_mucosal_FBs_through_PI3KAKTmTOR

  • IFN-γ

  1. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/380969109_Ocular_effects_of_eye_cosmetic_formulations

  2. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325933510_Eye_Cosmetic_Products_and_a_Known_Eye_Irritant

  3. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/373348753_IFN-g_An_overlooked_cytokine_in_dermatomyositis_with_anti-MDA5_antibodies

  • HRIPT

  1. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329415595_Using_the_SENS-IS_assay_to_assess_skin_irritation_and_sensitization_hazard_of_commercial_cosmetics_finished_products

  2. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/379881637_Microplastics_in_Personal_Care_Products_and_Cosmetics_in_Sri_Lanka

  3. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332709219_Skin_safety_and_health_prevention_An_overview_of_chemicals_in_cosmetic_products

  • Interleukins

  1. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382421667_Interleukin-24_A_molecular_mediator_of_particulate_matter%27s_impact_on_skin_aging

  2. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/377528198_Interleukin-26_potentiates_type_2_skin_inflammation_in_presence_of_interleukin-1b

  3. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/378771870_Human_neutrophils_drive_skin_autoinflammation_by_releasing_interleukin_IL-26

  • Beta carotene

  1. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/26714084_Beta-carotene_prevents_ozone-induced_proinflammatory_markers_in_murine_skin

  2. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258245074_Determination_of_Beta_Carotene_and_Lycopene_Concentrations_in_Human_Skin_Using_Raman_Spectroscopy

  3. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/16764014_Protective_effect_of_beta-carotene_and_canthaxanthin_against_UV_reactions_of_the_skin

  • MC1R

  1. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/26718514_MC1R_Gene_Polymorphism_Affects_Skin_Color_and_Phenotypic_Features_Related_to_Sun_Sensitivity_in_a_Population_of_French_Adult_Women

  2. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272749307_A_Genome-Wide_association_study_identifies_the_skin_color_genes_IRF4_MC1R_ASIP_and_BNC2_influencing_facial_pigmented_spots

  3. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/378361388_Interruption_of_p38_MAPK_-MSK1-CREB-MITF-M_pathway_to_prevent_hyperpigmentation_in_the_skin

  • Hydroquinone

  1. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/375997592_Quality_assessment_of_hydroquinone_mercury_and_arsenic_in_skin-lightening_cosmetics_marketed_in_Ilorin_Nigeria

  2. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/347503298_An_effective_hydroquinone_alternative_for_topical_skin_lightening

  3. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235795250_Treating_Epidermal_Melasma_With_a_4_Hydroquinone_Skin_Care_System_Plus_Tretinoin_Cream_0025

  • Cysteinyl dopa

  1. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338033914_Surface_modification_of_patterned_electrospun_nanofibrous_films_via_the_adhesion_of_DOPA-bFGF_and_DOPA-ponericin_G1_for_skin_wound_healing.

  2. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/374215889_BENEFITS_OF_TOPICAL_HYALURONIC_ACID_FOR_SKIN_QUALITY_AND_SIGNS_OF_SKIN_AGING

  3. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382468783_Skin-to-skin_care_SSC_for_term_and_preterm_infants\

  • Collagen I & III

  1. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345347379_Vitamin_C-squalene_bioconjugate_promotes_epidermal_thickening_and_collagen_production_in_human_skin

  2. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349396752_Low-Level_Red_Plus_Near_Infrared_Lights_Combination_Induces_Expressions_of_Collagen_and_Elastin_in_Human_Skin_In_Vitro

  3. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/380446346_A_Clinical_Study_of_Orally_Collagen_Intake_and_Evaluation_of_the_Effects_on_Human_Skin_Physiological_Properties

  • MMP 8

  1. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/355597329_STUDY_OF_A_G-QUADRUPLEX_APTAMER_INHIBITING_MMP-9_ON_HUMAN_KERATINOCYTES_AND_ON_A_3D_RECONSTRUCTED_HUMAN_SKIN_MODEL

  2. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/286408721_Expression_of_MMP-1_MMP-2_MMP-9_I_MMP-10_and_their_tissue_inhibitors_in_skin_lesions_in_dermatitis_herpetiformis_and_pemphigoid

  3. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/377638319_Scientific_Evidence_for_the_Cosmetic_Skin_and_Hair_Benefits_of_Hemp-derived_Cannabinoids_A_Review

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